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Lane Departure Technology
An Introduction


Prof. David Bernstein
James Madison University

Computer Science Department
bernstdh@jmu.edu

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Traditional Technology
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  • Lane Markings:
    • Paint
    • Reflectors
  • Warning Systems:
    • Rumble Strips
Modern Technology
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  • Lane-Departure Warning:
    • Alerts the driver when the vehicle gets close to or crosses over a lane marker (when the turn signal is not on)
  • Lane-Keeping Assistance:
    • Steers the car away from the lane marking
  • Lane-Centering Assistance:
    • Continually steers the car to the center of the lane
Some Practical Issues that Arise
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  • Lane versus Road Departure:
    • Should lane departure (e.g., crossing a dashed line) be treated differently from road departure (e.g., crossing a solid or double line)?
  • Applicable Speeds:
    • Should these systems be activated at all speeds or only highway speeds?
Components
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  • Sensor:
    • A (typically) front-mounted digital camera with image analysis to detect road markings
  • Information Provision:
    • Visual (e.g., a light on the dashboard)
    • Auditory (e.g., a warning beep)
    • Haptic (e.g., vibration of the steering wheel)
  • Control:
    • Turning the steering wheel
    • Braking the appropriate front wheel
Complicating Factors
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  • Environmental:
    • No lane markings
    • Faded lane markings
    • Rain or snow
  • Roadway Design:
    • Markings at exits
Regulation
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  • An Important Question:
    • What can/should the government do to regulate these kinds of technologies?
  • Where Are We Now?
    • Governments are just starting to regulate these technologies
  • An Example:
    • The United Nations uniform provisions on automated lane keeping systems includes requirements about minimum following distances, lane intrusions, human-machine interface requirements, etc.
There's Always More to Learn
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