public class Utility
{
  public static int calculate(int x, int y)
  {
    int       a, b;

    do
    {
      a = 1;                 // S1
       
      if (x > y)             // S2
      {
        a = 2;               // S3
      }

      x++;                   // S4
      b = x * a;             // S5
    }
    while (b <= 0);          // S6
       
    return b;                // S7
  }
}

• Correction
• Globalization
• Localization
• Stabilization
• Verification

1. Create a Money class that satisfies all of the following specifications.
   1. It must have a dollars attribute.
   2. It must have a cents attribute.
   3. The cents attribute must never be greater than or equal to 100. If a call to any method would result in such a value, that method must adjust both the cents and dollars attributes appropriately.
   4. It must have a default constructor that creates a Money object with 0 dollars and 0 cents.
   5. It must have an explicit value constructor that is passed in the initial value for dollars and cents.
   6. If the explicit value constructor is passed a negative value for either dollars or cents both attributes must be initialized to 0.
   7. It must have an increaseBy() method that is passed another Money object and increases the owning object accordingly.
   8. It must have a toString() method that returns a string representation of the owning object formatted appropriately (i.e., with a leading '$', a '.' between the dollars and cents, and exactly two digits for the cents.
2. Create a JUnit test suite that could be used to test the Money class in the previous question. Your test suite must have 100% statement and branch coverage, and must use appropriate value heuristics.

1. Write a suite of JUnit tests that covers every method, statement, and branch in the Coin class.
2. Given the information you have available to you, why could you not write such a JUnit test suite for the Metal class, even though it only has one method?

1. Is the DogGoneTracker "permanently" installed on the user's smartphone or is it installed each time it is used?
2. Is the DogGoneReporter "permanently" installed on the DogGoneCollar or is it installed each time it is used?
3. What maintenance issues arise as a result of your answers to the previous two questions?
4. On which device is the correspondence between pets and owners determined.
5. How much data bandwidth (in a qualitative sense) is required by this deployment? Explain.

1. In a burn-up chart, earned value can be measured in a variety of different ways, one of which is story points. Provide a concise definition of story points.
2. Describe the shape of the plot of the planned value (in a burn-up chart) when story points are used.
3. In a burn-up chart with the business value measure in dollars on the vertical axis and the sprint number on the horizontal axis, how do you find the schedule variance measured in dollars at the end of a particular sprint?
4. In a burn-up chart with the business value measure in dollars on the vertical axis and the sprint number on the horizontal axis, how do you find the schedule variance measured in weeks at the end of a particular sprint?

whereas Kemerer (1987) estimated the following relationship:

1. Using the Basili and Freburger model, about how much effort is required to produce 2000 lines of code?
2. Current estimates are that, in languages like C++, Java and JavaScript, every function point corresponds to about 50 lines of code. Using this correspondence and the Kemerer model, about how much effort is required to produce 2000 lines of code?

Suppose for a given product the testing dependencies and testing times (in days) are as follows:

where the optimistic time is denoted by \(t_o\), the (most) likely time is denoted by \(t_m\), and the pessimistic time is denoted by \(t_p\).

1. Assuming the expected time to test each subsystem is given by \( E[t] = \frac{1}{3}\left[ 2 t_m + \frac{1}{2} (t_o + t_p) \right] \), calculate the expected time to test each subsystem.
2. Construct a dependency graph for this test plan using the expected times as the task times.
3. Using the algorithm we discussed in lecture, find the critical path. Show your work on the dependency graph.
4. How much can the testing of subsystem 6 slip without changing the total time required to test?
5. How much can the testing of subsystem 3 slip without changing the total time required to test?

Given that the Harrisonburg Kennel Club can borrow money at an interest rate of 4%, that they must enter into a 10 year contract, and that they will use the software for exactly 10 years, should they buy the system from Nearby or license the competitive product? In other words, calculate the present value of the lease and compare it to the up-front cost of the purchase. Show all of your work.