Style Guide and Setup Instructions for CS 240

Installing Java and an IDE

Java 21 is the officially supported version of Java for this course. If you haven't already installed it, you can download the JDK from the Temurin download site.

There is no required development environment for this class. The style section below includes instructions for configuring VSCode, Eclipse, or IntelliJ IDEA to support the course style requirements.

• Visual Studio Code Downloads
• Eclipse Downloads (Install the "Eclipse IDE for Java Developers")
• Intellij IDEA Downloads

Google Java Style Guide

The most important role of a set of coding standards is consistency. No group of programmers will ever completely agree on the best way to format code. Should code blocks be indented with tabs? With spaces? How many spaces? Two? Four? Eight? Where should opening braces be placed? The fact is, none of these things really matter that much. What does matter is consistency. It is very inconvenient for a group of people to work together on a shared code base if they don't agree on some set of common standards.

Code submitted for this course must conform to the Google Java Style Guide . We are using these standards because they are well documented, widely used, and supported by development tools.

The Google style guide is mostly concerned with low-level formatting issues like indentation and line length. Keep in mind that it is possible to write very bad code that is properly formatted and will pass automated checks. See Section 4 below for some additional style requirements.

Environment Configuration

Configuring VS Code

Install the following extensions:

• Extension Pack for Java
• Checkstyle for Java

Uninstall or disable the following extensions. These are installed by default with the Java Extension Pack, but we won't need them.

• Intellicode
• Maven for Java
• Project Manager for Java

Download and extract the file CS240_F24.zip. Make sure the resulting folder is stored in a sensible location on your computer: don't just leave it in your Downloads folder.

Now open the CS240_F24 folder in VS Code. You should see the following subfolders:

• .vscode - settings and configuration files for CS 159
• bin - binary files, which will be created automatically
• lib - required libraries, such as JUnit
• src - source files, where all your programs will go

Open src/demo/HelloWorld.java, and press F5 to run the program. VS Code will open a Terminal window. The terminal shows: (1) the command used to run the program, and (2) the program's output.

For each project or lab, you will add a new subfolder under src.

Configuring Eclipse

Checkstyle Plugin

The Eclipse Checkstyle plugin can be installed by following the instructions on this page:

https://checkstyle.org/eclipse-cs/#!/install

Once the plugin is installed, the Google style configuration can be selected by accessing "Window->Preferences->Checkstyle" and selecting "Google Checks".

Formatter

The Eclipse auto formatter can be configured to follow the Google guidelines by accessing "Window->Preferences->Java->Code Style->Formatter" and importing the following file:

• eclipse-java-google-style.xml

Configuring IntelliJ IDEA

Checkstyle Plugin

• Open Settings.
• Find the Plugins panel.
• Search for and install Checkstyle-IDEA.
• Find the Tools / Checkstyle panel.
• Select "Google Checks".

Formatter

The IDEA formatting preferences can be configured to follow the Google guidelines by accessing "Settings->Editor->Code Style->Java" and importing the following file:

• intellij-java-google-style.xml

Additional Style Requirements

Names

Selecting informative names is one of the most important steps in writing readable, maintainable, and correct code. Variable names should clearly describe what the variable is intended to contain.

All names should be descriptive and readable: subTotal rather than s; grade rather than grd. Variable names should balance clarity with brevity. The name person is better than currentPersonObject. However, per is worse than either (percentage? person? permitted?).

Non-Javadoc Comments

The point of comments is to clarify code that might otherwise be difficult for the reader to follow. Well organized Java code with informative variable names should require few comments inside of method bodies.

• In-line comments must come before the code that they are describing or, if brief, on the same line following the code.
• You must use normal English spelling and grammar. Phrases are okay, but cryptic abbreviations and unintentional misspellings are not.

Honor Code and Acknowledgments

Every programming assignment must contain the following section which follows the class description or must cite any sources used (such as a TA). You should either include this statement in all files or minimally it may appear in the file containing your main method.

      /*
          * This work complies with the JMU Honor Code.
      * References and Acknowledgments: I received no outside help with this
      * programming assignment.
      */
    

OR

      /*
          * This work complies with the JMU Honor Code.
      * References and Acknowledgments: TA Glenn helped me with the 
      * foo method.
      */
    

This acknowledgment is not necessary for lab assignments. Note the single star after the slash; this is not a Javadoc comment.

Miscellaneous

• It should be clear how and where a method exits. Some software developers insist on only a single return statement. That is a good rule of thumb, but does not always make code easier to read -- as in a linear search algorithm, in which exiting directly from the loop is reasonable.
• Avoid "magic numbers". Use named constants instead of literal values when you need to specify a constant value in your code. (e.g. Math.PI rather than 3.14159)
• Your code must not have unused variables or unnecessary statements (statements that do nothing).
• Avoid the use of break and continue except in switch statements.
• All instance variables should be declared private or protected unless there is a documented reason for not doing so.
• All visibility modifiers should be explicitly stated.
• Methods should not have undocumented side-effects. For example, print statements used for debugging should not be included in submitted code.
• Unnecessary code repetition should be avoided. Create helper methods where they will simplify your implementation.