Branching

• so far: sequential execution of statemetns
• branch
  • a group of statements are executed only if some something condition is true
  • boolean expression: evaluates to True or False
  • if is a reserved word
• if else branches: else is a reserved word
• if elseif else: elseif is a reserved

  num = int(input("Enter an integer: "))
  if num < 100:
      num = abs(num) * 10
  else:
      num = num // 10
  print(f'the value of num is {num}')
  

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Boolean expressions

• Boolean
  • is a type
  • two possible values: True or False
• Boolean expression: evaluales to True or False
• ==
  • equality operator returns True or False
• !=
  • not equal operator returns True or False

    user_num = int(input('Enter a number: '))
    div_remainder = user_num % 2
    if div_remainder == 0:
        print(f'{user_num} is even.')
    else:
        print(f'{user_num} is odd.')
    

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Multiple if-else branches

if dollars == 200:
   print "You have enough to go"
elif dollars == 150:
   print "You need 50 more"
elif dollars == 100:
   print "You have half of what you need"
else:
   print "You are not close"
print "Good bye!"

Relational operators

• < less than
• <= less than or equal
• > greater than
• >= greater than or equal

each returns True or False

number = int(input("Enter an integer: "))
if number < 0:
    print(number, "is negative")
else:
    print(number, "is not negative")
print("Until next time...")

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Logical operators

• and
• or
• not

each returns True or False

• Precedence
  • ( )
  • artihmetic as learned already
  • < <= > >= == !=
  • not
  • and
  • or

note: left to right when equal precedence

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• what is the value of each expression?

  a = 3
  b = 4
  c = 5
  
  print(a < b and b < c)
  print(a < b or b < c)
  print(a < b and b > c)
  print(a < b or b > c)
  print(not a < b)
  print(a > b or not a > c and b > c)
  

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Check understanding

• how to check if cost is within the range of 200 to 2000. What is the boolean expression?
• cost >= 200 and cost <= 2000

* want to determine if it is good walking weather. Assume two variable temperature and perecentage chance of rain. What is an expression to determine if a good time to walk?

rain_chance = int(input("what is percentage chance of rain? "))
temperature= int(input("What is the current temperature? "))
if rain_chance <= 40 and (temperature > 32 and temperature < 90):
    print("enjoy your walk")
else:
    print("wait for another day")

• what is wrong with this?

  grade = 98
  if (grade >= 90):
     print("You got an A!")
  if (grade >= 80):
     print("You got a B!")
  else:
     print("You got something else")
  

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• nested if statemetns

  if num >= 0:
      if num == 0:
          print("Zero")
      else:
          print("Positive number")
  else:
      print("Negative number")
  

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Code Blocks and Indentation

• identation matters

funds = int(input("Enter your account balance: "))
withdraw = int(input("How much cash do you need? "))
if funds > withdraw:
    print("You have the funds to continue")
funds = funds - withdraw
print(f'funds left {funds}')

• why do we care about whitespace vs tabs?
• autograders and testcases
• precision is critical
  • = and ==
  • if cost < 100: vs if cost <= 100: