• A Question and Likely Response:
  • Ask someone how to add a column of numbers by hand
  • They will probably say something like "just add them up"
• An Easy Challenge:
  • They'll probably be able to succeed with a column of fifty single-digit numbers
• Making it Harder:
  • Talk to them while their adding the numbers
• A Suggestion:
  • Tell them to write things down as they go

• Sometimes:
  • Each iteration of a loop is independent of other iterations
• Frequently:
  • This isn't the case and we need to "keep track of" something across iterations
• An Example:
  • Calculating the sum of the elements of a list

Getting Started

What "needs to be done" at each iteration?

• Finding the Sum of a Long List of Numbers:
  • People commonly keep a running total (e.g., 7 plus 3 is 10, plus 2 is 12, ...)
• Programming this Algorithm:
  • You need a variable for the running total

• Getting Started:
  • Decide the type of the running value (i.e., the accumulator)
• Initialization:
  • Declare and initialize the accumulator outside of the loop
• Iteration:
  • Update the accumulator in the body of the loop (if necessary)

• Numeric:
  • Sums/Totals
  • Counts/Tallies (e.g., of positive numbers, even numbers)
  • Minima
  • Maxima
• String:
  • Concatenation of words/lines
• Boolean:
  • Containment/existence checks
  • Identical elements check